Abstract

​

Generation of free electric power is very important and timely need oftoday's environment. After generating this power, we store it in the batteries an use it later for different applications. If we talk about agriculture area and amount of money involved, then batteries are not a good option. Batteries are expensive and loss with leakage of power is also more. By using water, we can save money and can generate free power. In the day time with solar pumps we will give water to farm and water tank. In the night time using the saved water from the water tank will generate the free energy using turbines. If we generate more energy, we can save in spare batteries. This project can give new dimension, strength and hope to the agriculture and country side areas and can save lots of money and we can go towards sustainable environment within years. Generation of data will take place with the help of many sensors and these data will be saved in servers for real time action on land. We can control pump, flow of water, generation of power etc. With the help of developed application, we can control every operation from our very own devices. This project has potential to change the way of living within the span of few years.

​

Objectives & Introduction

​

Innovation with a novel thought, practical idea and modern IoT technology. The project that can generate more revenue without harming the environment and create a win-win situation for both the sides. Free power with less computation and real-time operation in hand. Imagine our world with this global warming in near future and you will realize the need of time and by this thought, we got this idea of hybrid power generation with use of modern technology that can create a sustainable environment for everyone. Solar and wind have been used in past but the result is not that outstanding. Wind source is not constant on any given day and a solar source is not equal throughout the year. Water is the solution and USA's fresh water source is 90% dependent on groundwater so more scope for development and success of our idea. In agriculture land and countryside we have resources but lack of work with technology that can create a better solution. In our project work we will provide electricity to the farm and water pump in the daytime with the help of solar energy and in the night we will use water as a medium to generate electricity. With the help of solar pump will give water to farm and once we are done with farm water requirement we will throw water to one water tank and this tank will save the sufficient water for half day. In night time with the help of turbine will generate electricity and give it to the entire farm and small house around it. IoT will be driving force behind this project and with the help of different sensors will create lots of data set for different parameters of water, pump and power generation. This data will be saved on the server and through the Android application, we can control each operation of our project in real-time. Data will give strength for future machine learning expansion in our project. Yes, you are thinking about batteries I guess, but batteries are not good for environment and decomposition of batteries is hazardous to the environment. Batteries need to change after few years and that adds more cost to it. The clean and safe solution is what we are providing. The idea for future generations with the sound foundation at the completion of this project will have more advanced and cleaner power generation solution for the majority of this world. In future, we can add fire prevention as an extra feature for safety against wildfires in and around the farm. By developing the pump that can also work as a turbine in reverse direction will save more resources in future years.

​

PROPOSED WORK

 

As already explained in the introduction, the project is a motivation to sustain in the environment, utilizing the natural resources and taking a step towards Green Development. The Project utilizes theories behind Solar Technology and Hydro-electric Power Generation. In Traditional practices, solar power is being utilized to water the farms. But what if pump can throw more water than it is required by farms, which is common. In that case, the project will come handy.

The Solar panels are source of energy along with the Turbine in the Project. Solar energy will drive the Pump with the help of Solar Pump Inverter. Solar Pump Inverter input the Voltage and Current from the Solar Panels and using Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Algorithm, fetching the Electric power from Solar Panels efficiently, drives the DC Pump to throw he Water out in the Farm Fields. A flow meter will be installed to get the water output rate in litres per minutes (lpm).

​

As soon as the farm fields are watered completely, a flow control valve will transfer the water outlet towards the Upper reservoir. And rest of the water is stored in the above reservoir.

​

During night time, the water stored  in Upper reservoir will be utilized and flow control valves in that line will be opened and turbine will rotate with the flow of water to generate the electricity that will be later utilized to light the Farms. Also, water will flow back into the Lower reservoir maintaining the water table well.

Also, the data is collected in real-time from the sensors installed in the system to the Amazon Web Server to monitor the progress of the system and predicting faults. Real-time Datalogging and Remote Pump operation is the Internet of Things (IOT) perspective of this project.

The main objective of this project is to eliminate battery usage and let the Green Development be remain Green.

 

MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) Algorithm:

When a load is directly connected to the solar panel, the operating point of the panel will rarely be at peak power. The impedance seen by the panel derives the operating point of the solar panel. Thus by varying the impedance seen by the panel, the operating point can be moved towards peak power point. Since panels are DC devices, DC-DC converters must be utilized to transform the impedance of one circuit (source) to the other circuit (load). Changing the duty ratio of the DC-DC converter results in an impedance change as seen by the panel. At a impedance (or duty ratio) the operating point will be at the peak power transfer point. The I-V curve of the panel can vary considerably with variation in atmospheric conditions such as radiance and temperature. Therefore, it is not feasible to fix the duty ratio with such dynamically changing operating conditions

MPPT implementations utilize algorithms that frequently sample panel voltages and currents, then adjust the duty ratio as needed. Microcontrollers are employed to implement the algorithms. Modern implementations often utilize larger computers for analytics and load forecasting.